Research Article
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Ag@CeO2 Nanoparticles: Tuning Their Structural, Optical, and Morphological Properties via Sol–Gel Method
Tasmea Noureen Kosir
,
Arooj Sajjad,
Iqra Arshad,
Sajid Hussain*,
Muhammad Javid,
Muhammad Sajid Abbas,
Muhammad Hasnain,
Abuzar Hasnain Raza,
Samina Liaqat,
Iqra Khaliq,
Ateeq Ur Rehman
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, December 2026
Pages:
38-51
Received:
14 August 2026
Accepted:
25 August 2026
Published:
18 September 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmsp.20261102.11
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Abstract: The present study give information about Ag-doped cerium dioxide (Ag@CeO2) nanoparticles (Agx Ce1-x O2, where x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 molar ratios, corresponding to 0, 2, 4, and 6 mol% Ag) that were synthesized via a cost-effective and novel sol-gel method. Pure and Ag-doped CeO2 samples with varying dopant concentrations were prepared to evaluate the influence of Ag-doping on the fluorite cubic structure of ceria. Characterization Techniques like X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the phase change from amorphous to face centered cube (FCC) in Ag@CeO2 and crystallite size from 19.29 nm for pure CeO2 to 18.70 nm for Ag-doped CeO2, as calculated using the Scherrer equation. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed the non-uniform and irregular surface morphology of Ag@CeO2 NPs using SEM micrograph. notable red shift in the absorption edge, corresponding to a bandgap (Eg) narrowing from ~ 3.2 eV down to ~ 2.7 eV with increasing silver concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis’s showed significant morphological changes, transitioning from uniform spherical grains to agglomerated nanostructures with enhanced surface-to-volume ratios. UV-Visible analysis conformed Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which further validated the formation of Ce-O and Ag-O vibrational modes. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified elemental composition and weight percentage distributions. The enhanced optical response and tailored nanostructure make these Ag-CeO2 nanoparticles highly promising candidates for optoelectronic devices, photocatalytic degradation, and biomedical applications.
Abstract: The present study give information about Ag-doped cerium dioxide (Ag@CeO2) nanoparticles (Agx Ce1-x O2, where x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 molar ratios, corresponding to 0, 2, 4, and 6 mol% Ag) that were synthesized via a cost-effective and novel sol-gel method. Pure and Ag-doped CeO2 samples with varying dopant concentrations were prepared to evalu...
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Research Article
Improvement of Methods for Designing Outerwear Components Taking into Account the Deformational Properties of Karakul Fur
Khonkeldiyeva Nigora Akramovna*,
Kamilova Khalida Khafizovna
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, December 2026
Pages:
52-59
Received:
6 October 2026
Accepted:
16 October 2026
Published:
31 October 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmsp.20261102.12
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Abstract: This study presents a methodological framework for incorporating the direction-dependent deformation characteristics of karakul fur into the design of outerwear components. The primary objective is to demonstrate how relative deformation indicators can be interpreted and translated into practical considerations for garment pattern development. The study is structured as a methodological demonstration based on illustrative values rather than an experimental investigation of physical specimens. A relative-deformation measure is introduced to describe dimensional changes in different material directions. A conceptual procedure is then proposed for comparing deformation indicators across material orientations and garment zones and for determining differentiated pattern allowances according to the expected deformation behavior of the material. The illustrative values serve exclusively to explain the calculation procedure and demonstrate the potential application of the proposed framework. They do not represent experimentally measured properties, validated deformation coefficients, or statistically established characteristics of karakul fur. The proposed methodology provides a structured approach for organizing deformation-related information and identifying potential adjustments to pattern dimensions during the preliminary design of outerwear. However, its practical reliability remains limited by the absence of an experimentally validated dataset and quantitative relationships between material deformation and garment dimensional stability. Future research should investigate karakul fur specimens with documented origins, grades, and processing conditions. Experimental procedures should follow applicable conditioning requirements and standardized testing methods to ensure the reproducibility and comparability of measurements. Particular attention should be given to evaluating deformation under different loading conditions, material directions, and environmental influences. Subsequently, the relationship between measured deformation indicators and dimensional changes in finished garment components should be statistically analyzed and experimentally validated. These investigations would establish an evidence-based foundation for developing reliable deformation coefficients and improving the accuracy of pattern corrections for karakul fur outerwear.
Abstract: This study presents a methodological framework for incorporating the direction-dependent deformation characteristics of karakul fur into the design of outerwear components. The primary objective is to demonstrate how relative deformation indicators can be interpreted and translated into practical considerations for garment pattern development. The ...
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