Parameters Influencing the Hot Dip Galvanizing Processes of Sheet Metal
Atima Rose,
Catherine Wandera,
Excellence Favor
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
1-9
Received:
26 June 2020
Accepted:
13 July 2020
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: Galvanized carbon steel is one of the most used engineering material in industries, but its quality can be affected by the process parameters. The most common used galvanizing process is Hot Dip Galvanizing amongst others. The methods used were quantitative and qualitative for determining the parameters influencing galvanizing. The analytical techniques were performed by spectrometers, visual inspections thru optical and scanning electron microscope which show how parameters at the pickling, cold rolling and galvanizing processes that affect the quality of the galvanized components produced. During galvanizing there are process parameters that need to be monitored, necessitating evaluation of the process parameters that affect the hot galvanizing process. The focus of this paper is on parameters that affect the hot dip galvanizing process from different stages (pre-treatment, galvanizing and post treatment), but especially focused at the galvanizing bath. The quality of the galvanized carbon steel products gets greatly affected by the interference of the process parameters, this can lead to various types of rejects, thus influencing the quality leading to lower production output during the galvanizing process. But good follow ups of the parameters can lead to less defects which eventually increases production efficiency, component effectiveness and profit margins thus increased production of the hot dip galvanizing steels. So there is need to ensure that parameters for galvanizing are in accordance to standards.
Abstract: Galvanized carbon steel is one of the most used engineering material in industries, but its quality can be affected by the process parameters. The most common used galvanizing process is Hot Dip Galvanizing amongst others. The methods used were quantitative and qualitative for determining the parameters influencing galvanizing. The analytical techn...
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Determination the Structural Properties of Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide Using the (XRD) Technique
Tamador Almardi Albashier,
Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo,
Abdalsakhi Suliman
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
10-19
Received:
31 October 2020
Accepted:
20 November 2020
Published:
12 March 2021
Abstract: The X-ray diffraction technique is one of the techniques that are widely and precisely used in determining the structural properties of materials through which materials can be developed and their areas of use increased, and Cork is considered one of the polymers of very low industrial value and is used only for secondary purposes such as packaging, and it is possible to have any other uses of high value by doping the cork with materials that can change its physical properties. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the structural properties of cork (polystyrene) doped by aluminum oxide with doping ratios (0.1,….., 0.9) molar, through X-ray diffraction, where the results showed that all the prepared samples are multi-crystallized of the types (cubic, mono, triple and hexagonal). And it was found that the preferred direction of growth is the level (211), and the crystal size of all the prepared samples was calculated, and it was found that it increases with the increase in the percentage of doping. Also, the density and number of crystals were calculated as each of them decreases with the increase of the doping percentage. This study concluded that cork, through its structural properties and after doping by aluminum oxide, can be of great technological benefit by having properties that are very similar to those of a semiconductor.
Abstract: The X-ray diffraction technique is one of the techniques that are widely and precisely used in determining the structural properties of materials through which materials can be developed and their areas of use increased, and Cork is considered one of the polymers of very low industrial value and is used only for secondary purposes such as packaging...
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Electron Impact Ionization Mass Spectra of 3-Amino 6-Chloro-2-methyl Quinazolin-4-(3H)-one Derivative
Osarumwense Peter Osarodion,
Omotade Treasure Ejodamen
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
20-25
Received:
7 January 2021
Accepted:
6 February 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: Background: Looking at the previous studies on quinazolinones derivatives, only limited information’sare available on their massspectral along with the preparation of novel quinazolin-4-(3H)-one derivatives. Consolidation of Methyl-2-amino-4-Chlorobenzoate with acetic anhydride produced the cyclic compound 2-methyl 7-Chloro-1, 3-benzo-oxazine-4-one (1) which then produced 3-Amino-2-Methyl 7-Chloro quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (2) through the reaction with hydrazine hydrate. These compounds synthesized were indisputably confirmed by means of Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C), Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrophotometry and Elemental analysis. Discussion: The molecular ion of m/z 235 fragments to give m/z 220 by loss of –NH group. The ion of m/z 220 was broken to give m/z 206 by losing CH2 group and fragment to m/z 177 by loss of HCO. This fragmented to m/z 162 by loss of –CH3 group and then m/z 136 by loss of CN group. The loss of O gave m/z 120 which fragment to give m/z 93 by loss of –HCN and finally gave m/z 65 by loss of CO group. Conclusion: The electron impact ionization mass spectra of compound 2 show a weak molecular ion peak and a base peak of m/z 235 resulting from a cleavage fragmentation. Compound 2 give a characteristic fragmentation pattern. From the study of the mass spectra of compound 2, it was found that the molecular ion had fragmented to the m/z 220. The final fragmentation led to ion of m/z 93 and ion of mass m/z 65, respectively.
Abstract: Background: Looking at the previous studies on quinazolinones derivatives, only limited information’sare available on their massspectral along with the preparation of novel quinazolin-4-(3H)-one derivatives. Consolidation of Methyl-2-amino-4-Chlorobenzoate with acetic anhydride produced the cyclic compound 2-methyl 7-Chloro-1, 3-benzo-oxazine-4-one...
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