Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players

Michael Keiner; Andre Sander; Klaus Wirth; Hagen Hartmann; Dennis Yaghobi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11

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Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players

Michael Keiner, Andre Sander, Klaus Wirth, Hagen Hartmann, Dennis Yaghobi

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 2, Issue 6-1)

Received: 5 November 2014 Accepted: 17 November 2014 Published: 22 November 2014

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Abstract

For track, field and team sports, many authors advise sport-specific strength training with half and quarter squats instead of parallel squats. Due to the sport-specific argument, higher correlations with sprint performance could be expected for half and quarter squats. Hence, correlations between sprint performance (30 m linear sprint) and both One-Repetition-Maximum (1RM) and 1RM in relation to body weight (REL) in young, elite soccer athletes (n=28) were calculated for different squat depths (parallel, half and quarter). Further isometric maximum strength measurements of the trunk muscles were made. Normally distributed data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. For correlation comparisons, Fisher’s z-transformation was computed and the empirical value was compared to the critical value. The data show significant moderate to high correlations for all 3 squat depths (REL) and the performance in linear sprint LS (r = -0.40 to -0.63). No significant differences were found between the correlations of the different squats. However, low to moderate correlations between the maximum trunk strength values and the performance in LS were calculated (r = -0.25 to -0.48). Medium to high correlations between the different squat depths and trunk strength parameters were measured (r = 0.47 to 0.75). Because there is no statistical difference between the correlations of the squat and sprint performances, the researchers’ advice is to train and test with the parallel or deep squat because the deeper squat variant requires less weight to generate an adequate stress stimulus for the lower extremities compared with the quarter and half squats.

Published in	American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 2, Issue 6-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Science & Soccer
DOI	10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Linear Sprint, Squat, Trunk Strength, 1RM

References

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APA Style

Michael Keiner, Andre Sander, Klaus Wirth, Hagen Hartmann, Dennis Yaghobi. (2014). Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. American Journal of Sports Science, 2(6-1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11

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ACS Style

Michael Keiner; Andre Sander; Klaus Wirth; Hagen Hartmann; Dennis Yaghobi. Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2014, 2(6-1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11

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AMA Style

Michael Keiner, Andre Sander, Klaus Wirth, Hagen Hartmann, Dennis Yaghobi. Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Am J Sports Sci. 2014;2(6-1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11,
  author = {Michael Keiner and Andre Sander and Klaus Wirth and Hagen Hartmann and Dennis Yaghobi},
  title = {Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6-1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.s.2014020601.11},
  abstract = {For track, field and team sports, many authors advise sport-specific strength training with half and quarter squats instead of parallel squats. Due to the sport-specific argument, higher correlations with sprint performance could be expected for half and quarter squats. Hence, correlations between sprint performance (30 m linear sprint) and both One-Repetition-Maximum (1RM) and 1RM in relation to body weight (REL) in young, elite soccer athletes (n=28) were calculated for different squat depths (parallel, half and quarter). Further isometric maximum strength measurements of the trunk muscles were made. Normally distributed data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. For correlation comparisons, Fisher’s z-transformation was computed and the empirical value was compared to the critical value. The data show significant moderate to high correlations for all 3 squat depths (REL) and the performance in linear sprint LS (r = -0.40 to -0.63). No significant differences were found between the correlations of the different squats. However, low to moderate correlations between the maximum trunk strength values and the performance in LS were calculated (r = -0.25 to -0.48). Medium to high correlations between the different squat depths and trunk strength parameters were measured (r = 0.47 to 0.75). Because there is no statistical difference between the correlations of the squat and sprint performances, the researchers’ advice is to train and test with the parallel or deep squat because the deeper squat variant requires less weight to generate an adequate stress stimulus for the lower extremities compared with the quarter and half squats.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players
AU  - Michael Keiner
AU  - Andre Sander
AU  - Klaus Wirth
AU  - Hagen Hartmann
AU  - Dennis Yaghobi
Y1  - 2014/11/22
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11
AB  - For track, field and team sports, many authors advise sport-specific strength training with half and quarter squats instead of parallel squats. Due to the sport-specific argument, higher correlations with sprint performance could be expected for half and quarter squats. Hence, correlations between sprint performance (30 m linear sprint) and both One-Repetition-Maximum (1RM) and 1RM in relation to body weight (REL) in young, elite soccer athletes (n=28) were calculated for different squat depths (parallel, half and quarter). Further isometric maximum strength measurements of the trunk muscles were made. Normally distributed data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. For correlation comparisons, Fisher’s z-transformation was computed and the empirical value was compared to the critical value. The data show significant moderate to high correlations for all 3 squat depths (REL) and the performance in linear sprint LS (r = -0.40 to -0.63). No significant differences were found between the correlations of the different squats. However, low to moderate correlations between the maximum trunk strength values and the performance in LS were calculated (r = -0.25 to -0.48). Medium to high correlations between the different squat depths and trunk strength parameters were measured (r = 0.47 to 0.75). Because there is no statistical difference between the correlations of the squat and sprint performances, the researchers’ advice is to train and test with the parallel or deep squat because the deeper squat variant requires less weight to generate an adequate stress stimulus for the lower extremities compared with the quarter and half squats.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6-1
ER  -

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Author Information

Michael Keiner

Swimming Federation of the State Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
Andre Sander

German Luge and Bobsled Federation, Berchtesgaden, Germany
Klaus Wirth

Institute of Sport Science, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Hagen Hartmann

Institute of Sport Science, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Dennis Yaghobi

Swimming Federation of the State Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany

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APA Style

Michael Keiner, Andre Sander, Klaus Wirth, Hagen Hartmann, Dennis Yaghobi. (2014). Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. American Journal of Sports Science, 2(6-1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11

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ACS Style

Michael Keiner; Andre Sander; Klaus Wirth; Hagen Hartmann; Dennis Yaghobi. Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2014, 2(6-1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11

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AMA Style

Michael Keiner, Andre Sander, Klaus Wirth, Hagen Hartmann, Dennis Yaghobi. Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Am J Sports Sci. 2014;2(6-1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11,
  author = {Michael Keiner and Andre Sander and Klaus Wirth and Hagen Hartmann and Dennis Yaghobi},
  title = {Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6-1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.s.2014020601.11},
  abstract = {For track, field and team sports, many authors advise sport-specific strength training with half and quarter squats instead of parallel squats. Due to the sport-specific argument, higher correlations with sprint performance could be expected for half and quarter squats. Hence, correlations between sprint performance (30 m linear sprint) and both One-Repetition-Maximum (1RM) and 1RM in relation to body weight (REL) in young, elite soccer athletes (n=28) were calculated for different squat depths (parallel, half and quarter). Further isometric maximum strength measurements of the trunk muscles were made. Normally distributed data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. For correlation comparisons, Fisher’s z-transformation was computed and the empirical value was compared to the critical value. The data show significant moderate to high correlations for all 3 squat depths (REL) and the performance in linear sprint LS (r = -0.40 to -0.63). No significant differences were found between the correlations of the different squats. However, low to moderate correlations between the maximum trunk strength values and the performance in LS were calculated (r = -0.25 to -0.48). Medium to high correlations between the different squat depths and trunk strength parameters were measured (r = 0.47 to 0.75). Because there is no statistical difference between the correlations of the squat and sprint performances, the researchers’ advice is to train and test with the parallel or deep squat because the deeper squat variant requires less weight to generate an adequate stress stimulus for the lower extremities compared with the quarter and half squats.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Correlations between Maximal Strength Tests at Different Squat Depths and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players
AU  - Michael Keiner
AU  - Andre Sander
AU  - Klaus Wirth
AU  - Hagen Hartmann
AU  - Dennis Yaghobi
Y1  - 2014/11/22
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.s.2014020601.11
AB  - For track, field and team sports, many authors advise sport-specific strength training with half and quarter squats instead of parallel squats. Due to the sport-specific argument, higher correlations with sprint performance could be expected for half and quarter squats. Hence, correlations between sprint performance (30 m linear sprint) and both One-Repetition-Maximum (1RM) and 1RM in relation to body weight (REL) in young, elite soccer athletes (n=28) were calculated for different squat depths (parallel, half and quarter). Further isometric maximum strength measurements of the trunk muscles were made. Normally distributed data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. For correlation comparisons, Fisher’s z-transformation was computed and the empirical value was compared to the critical value. The data show significant moderate to high correlations for all 3 squat depths (REL) and the performance in linear sprint LS (r = -0.40 to -0.63). No significant differences were found between the correlations of the different squats. However, low to moderate correlations between the maximum trunk strength values and the performance in LS were calculated (r = -0.25 to -0.48). Medium to high correlations between the different squat depths and trunk strength parameters were measured (r = 0.47 to 0.75). Because there is no statistical difference between the correlations of the squat and sprint performances, the researchers’ advice is to train and test with the parallel or deep squat because the deeper squat variant requires less weight to generate an adequate stress stimulus for the lower extremities compared with the quarter and half squats.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6-1
ER  -

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