Many nurses today are religious and sometimes there exist some religious motivations on becoming a nurse. They are often responsible through their care to assess and facilitate spiritual well-being, identify spiritual distress and to provide religious and spiritual care. Nurses need to understand their own spirituality and religiosity before they can successfully integrate them into their care. Aim: The present study aims to assess Greek nurses’ religiosity and to validate the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) in the Greek language. Material and Methods: The CRS-15 questionnaire is an anonymous self-administered questionnaire that contains fifteen, five point Likert scale, closed questions (ranging 1-5). The sample of the study was 344 nurses and nurse assistants. Exploratory factor analysis, with principal components analysis, was performed for checking the construct validity of the questionnaire. The test–retest reliability and the internal consistency were also examined. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS 21.0. Statistical significance level was set at p=0.05. Results: The final Greek version of the questionnaire includes all the fifteen questions. The mean age of the participants was 42.9±7.5. Two factors exported from the statistical analysis: the first one corresponded to religious practices and the second one to religious beliefs and experiences. The Cronbach-a coefficient was 0.952 for the total questionnaire and for Religious beliefs and experiences is a=0.923 while for the religious practices is a=0.926. Conclusions: The CRS-15, is a valuable and reliable questionnaire that can be used for assessing religiosity in Greek population.
Published in |
American Journal of Nursing Science (Volume 7, Issue 3-1)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing Education and Research |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14 |
Page(s) | 25-32 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Religiosity, Nursing, Validation, Psychometric Properties
[1] | Koenig HG. «Is religion good for your health? The effects of religion on physical and mental health», Haworth Pastoral Press. New York 1997. |
[2] | Matthews DA, McCullough ME, Larson DB, Koenig HG, Swyers JP, Milano MG. Religious commitment and health status: a review of the research and implications for family medicine. Arch Family Med. 1998; 7(2): 118–24. |
[3] | Fradelos EC, Karakatsani D, Zyga S. Religiosity, spirituality and ageing: benefits on health and psychosocial well-being. In SOCIAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH. SELECTED ISSUES (ed) Kinal J – Guz W. Rzeszów 2017. |
[4] | Gallagher S. Warren T. Religion/Spirituality. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer New York, 2013. 1644-1646. |
[5] | Allport G, Ross J. Personal Religious Orientation and Prejudice. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. 1967; 5(4): 432-443. |
[6] | Huber S, Huber OW. The centrality of religiosity scale (CRS). Religion. 2012; 3: 710-724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel3030710. |
[7] | Medved M. Sketches from ecclesiastic history of Rijeka illustrating the relationship between Christianity and health care. Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2013; 11(1): 113-30. |
[8] | Kourkouta L, Lanara VA. Terms used in Byzantium for nursing personnel. Int Hist Nurs J. 1996; 2(1): 46-57. |
[9] | Kourkouta L. Working conditions and duties of nurses in Byzantium. Int Hist Nurs J. 1998; 4(1): 32-4. |
[10] | Koutelekos J. Gerogianni G. Religiousness in hospitals. The rostrum of Asclepius. 2011; 10(4): 480-489. |
[11] | Taylor E. Religion: A Clinical Guide for Nurses. 1st ed. New York: Springer Pub.; 2012. |
[12] | Taylor E, Park C, Pfeiffer J. Nurse religiosity and spiritual care. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2014; 70(11): 2612-2621. |
[13] | Christopher S. The relationship between nurses’ religiosity and willingness to let patients control the conversation about end-of-life care. Patient Education and Counseling. 2010; 78(2): 250-255. |
[14] | Taylor E, Mamier I, Bahjri K, Anton T, Petersen F. Efficacy of a self-study programme to teach spiritual care. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2009; 18(8): 1131-1140. |
[15] | Ekedahl MA, Wengström Y. Caritas, spirituality and religiosity in nurses' coping. European Journal of Cancer Care. 2010; 19(4): 530–537. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01089. x. |
[16] | Huber S. Zentralität und Inhalt. 1st ed. Opladen: Leske + Budrich; 2003. |
[17] | Zwingmann, C.; Klein, C.; Büssing, A. Measuring Religiosity/Spirituality: Theoretical Differentiations and Categorization of Instruments. Religions 2011, 2, 345-357. |
[18] | Hall D, Meador K, Koenig H. Measuring Religiousness in Health Research: Review and Critique. J Relig Health. 2008; 47: 134–163. |
[19] | Zarzycka B. Skala Centralności Religijności S. Huber [Centrality of Religiosity Scale by S. Huber]. Roczniki Psychologiczne. 2007; 10(1): 133-157. |
[20] | Zarzycka B. Polska adaptacja Skali Centralności Religijności S. Hubera [Polish adaptation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scaleby S. Huber]. In M. Jarosz (Ed.), Psychologiczny pomiar religijności [Psychological measurement of religiosity](pp. 231-261). Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL. Lublin 2011. |
[21] | Heim L, Schaal S. Rates and predictors of mental stress in Rwanda: investigating the impact of gender, persecution, readiness to reconcile and religiosity via a structural equation model. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2014; 8: 37. |
[22] | Darvyri P. Galanakis M, Avgoustidis A, Pateraki N, Vasdekis S, Darviri C. The Revised Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale in a Sample of At tica’s Inhabitants. Psychology. 2014; 5: 1557-1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.513166. |
[23] | Argyriou A A, Economou G, Ifanti AA, Karanasios P, Assimakopoulos K, Makridou A, & Makris. Religiosity and its relation to quality of life in primary caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis: a case study in Greece. Journal of neurology. 2011; 258(6): 1114-1119. |
[24] | Anyfantakis D, Symvoulakis EK, Linardakis M, Shea S, Panagiotakos D, Lionis C. Effect of religiosity/spirituality and sense of coherence on depression within a rural population in Greece: the Spili III project. BMC psychiatry. 2015; 15(1): 173. |
[25] | Plakas S, Boudioni M, Fouka G, Taket A. The role of religiosity as a coping resource for relatives of critically ill patients in Greece. Contemporary Nurse. 2011; 39(1): 95-105. |
[26] | Ekedahl MA. and Wengström. Caritas, spirituality and religiosity in nurses' coping. European Journal of Cancer Care. 2010; 19: 530–537. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01089. x. |
[27] | Musgrave CF, McFarlane EA. Israeli oncology nurses' religiosity, spiritual well-being, and attitudes toward spiritual care: a path analysis. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2004; 31(2): 321-7. |
[28] | Musgrave CF & McFarlane EA. Intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, spiritual well-being, and attitudes toward spiritual care: a comparison of Israeli Jewish oncology nurses' scores. In Oncology nursing forum. 2004; 31(6). |
[29] | Lopez, V., Fischer, I., Leigh, M. C., Larkin, D., & Webster, S. (2014). Spirituality, religiosity, and personal beliefs of Australian undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 25(4), 395-402. |
APA Style
Evangelos C. Fradelos, Michael Kourakos, Sofia Zyga, Foteini Tzavella, Konstantinos Tsaras, et al. (2017). Measuring Religiosity in Nursing: Reliability, Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale -15. American Journal of Nursing Science, 7(3-1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14
ACS Style
Evangelos C. Fradelos; Michael Kourakos; Sofia Zyga; Foteini Tzavella; Konstantinos Tsaras, et al. Measuring Religiosity in Nursing: Reliability, Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale -15. Am. J. Nurs. Sci. 2017, 7(3-1), 25-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14
AMA Style
Evangelos C. Fradelos, Michael Kourakos, Sofia Zyga, Foteini Tzavella, Konstantinos Tsaras, et al. Measuring Religiosity in Nursing: Reliability, Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale -15. Am J Nurs Sci. 2017;7(3-1):25-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14
@article{10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14, author = {Evangelos C. Fradelos and Michael Kourakos and Sofia Zyga and Foteini Tzavella and Konstantinos Tsaras and Eleni Christodoulou and Aristides Daglas and Ioanna V. Papathanasiou}, title = {Measuring Religiosity in Nursing: Reliability, Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale -15}, journal = {American Journal of Nursing Science}, volume = {7}, number = {3-1}, pages = {25-32}, doi = {10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajns.s.2018070301.14}, abstract = {Many nurses today are religious and sometimes there exist some religious motivations on becoming a nurse. They are often responsible through their care to assess and facilitate spiritual well-being, identify spiritual distress and to provide religious and spiritual care. Nurses need to understand their own spirituality and religiosity before they can successfully integrate them into their care. Aim: The present study aims to assess Greek nurses’ religiosity and to validate the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) in the Greek language. Material and Methods: The CRS-15 questionnaire is an anonymous self-administered questionnaire that contains fifteen, five point Likert scale, closed questions (ranging 1-5). The sample of the study was 344 nurses and nurse assistants. Exploratory factor analysis, with principal components analysis, was performed for checking the construct validity of the questionnaire. The test–retest reliability and the internal consistency were also examined. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS 21.0. Statistical significance level was set at p=0.05. Results: The final Greek version of the questionnaire includes all the fifteen questions. The mean age of the participants was 42.9±7.5. Two factors exported from the statistical analysis: the first one corresponded to religious practices and the second one to religious beliefs and experiences. The Cronbach-a coefficient was 0.952 for the total questionnaire and for Religious beliefs and experiences is a=0.923 while for the religious practices is a=0.926. Conclusions: The CRS-15, is a valuable and reliable questionnaire that can be used for assessing religiosity in Greek population.}, year = {2017} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Religiosity in Nursing: Reliability, Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale -15 AU - Evangelos C. Fradelos AU - Michael Kourakos AU - Sofia Zyga AU - Foteini Tzavella AU - Konstantinos Tsaras AU - Eleni Christodoulou AU - Aristides Daglas AU - Ioanna V. Papathanasiou Y1 - 2017/08/21 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14 DO - 10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14 T2 - American Journal of Nursing Science JF - American Journal of Nursing Science JO - American Journal of Nursing Science SP - 25 EP - 32 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5753 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.s.2018070301.14 AB - Many nurses today are religious and sometimes there exist some religious motivations on becoming a nurse. They are often responsible through their care to assess and facilitate spiritual well-being, identify spiritual distress and to provide religious and spiritual care. Nurses need to understand their own spirituality and religiosity before they can successfully integrate them into their care. Aim: The present study aims to assess Greek nurses’ religiosity and to validate the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) in the Greek language. Material and Methods: The CRS-15 questionnaire is an anonymous self-administered questionnaire that contains fifteen, five point Likert scale, closed questions (ranging 1-5). The sample of the study was 344 nurses and nurse assistants. Exploratory factor analysis, with principal components analysis, was performed for checking the construct validity of the questionnaire. The test–retest reliability and the internal consistency were also examined. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS 21.0. Statistical significance level was set at p=0.05. Results: The final Greek version of the questionnaire includes all the fifteen questions. The mean age of the participants was 42.9±7.5. Two factors exported from the statistical analysis: the first one corresponded to religious practices and the second one to religious beliefs and experiences. The Cronbach-a coefficient was 0.952 for the total questionnaire and for Religious beliefs and experiences is a=0.923 while for the religious practices is a=0.926. Conclusions: The CRS-15, is a valuable and reliable questionnaire that can be used for assessing religiosity in Greek population. VL - 7 IS - 3-1 ER -