Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach

Anas Rashid; Usamah Rashid Qureshi; Aiman Rashid; Hamza Rashid

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13

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Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach

Anas Rashid, Usamah Rashid Qureshi, Aiman Rashid, Hamza Rashid

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 24 January 2015 Accepted: 8 February 2015 Published: 25 February 2015

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Abstract

Clinical microbiologist are facing challenge to defeat the bacterial infections like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans; due to unique resistance in bacterial strain. There are limited medication options left to conquer this deadly toxicities, if holistic approach is ignored. Also the linked complications and consequences of infections may increase beyond threshold levels; if exercise only a single array of drug therapy. This empirical study aims to create synergy by adopting an integrated drug therapy approach for optimum treatment. This research article is based on primary microbial data collection (from sputum, urine and blood) in hospital; where the experiment focuses to investigate the highest risk vulnerable area. The result depicts high prevalence of MRSA in blood sample (50 %) among in-door patients of age above 50. The preventive and curative measures are discussed along with alternative multiple array of medication with prudent selection to achieve targeted and optimum outcome.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13
Page(s)	71-75
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

S. aureus, MTCC 87, MRSA, Integrated Drug Therapy, Pakistan

References

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[2]	Morello, J., Granato, P. and Morton, V. (2013). Lab Manual and Workbook in Microbiology: Applications to Patient care. 11th Ed., pp. 336, McGraw-Hill Education, New York.
[3]	Weigelt, J.A. (2014). MRSA. 2nd Ed., pp. 240, CRC Press, London.
[4]	Hektoen, L., Larsen, S., Ødegaard, S.A. and Løken, T. (2004). Comparison of Homeopathy, Placebo and Antibiotic Treatment of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows – Methodological Issues and Results from a Randomized-clinical Trial. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, 51(9-10): 439-446.
[5]	Hogg, S. (2013). Essential Microbiology. 2nd Ed., pp. 526, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex.
[6]	Cappuccino, J. and Sherman, N. (2013). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. 10th Ed., pp. 560, Pearson - Benjamin Cummings, Boston.
[7]	Westh, H., Zinn, C.S., Rosdahl, V.T. and Sarisa Study, G. (2004). An International Multicenter Study of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from 15 Hospitals in 14 Countries. Microbial Drug Resistance, 10(2): 169-176.
[8]	Brown, A. and Smith, H. (2014). Benson's Microbiological Applications: Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology, Complete Version. 13th Ed., pp. 576, McGraw-Hill Education, New York.
[9]	Smith, T.L., Pearson, M.L., Wilcox, K.R., Cruz, C., Lancaster, M.V., Robinson-Dunn, B., Tenover, F.C., Zervos, M.J., Band, J.D., White, E. and Jarvis, W.R. (1999). Emergence of Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. New England Journal of Medicine, 340(7): 493-501.
[10]	Tille, P.M. (2013). Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology. 13th Ed., pp. 1056, Elsevier, St. Louis.
[11]	Aureden, K., Arias, K., Burns, L.A., Creen, C., Hickok, J., Moody, J., Oriola, S. and Risa, K. (2010). Guide to the Elimination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Transmission in Hospital Settings. 2nd Ed., pp. 65, APIC, Washington, DC.
[12]	Pruthi, V. and Cameotra, S.S. (1997). Rapid identification of biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains using a cell surface hydrophobicity technique. Biotechnology Techniques, 11(9): 671-674.
[13]	Ziakas, P.D., Zacharioudakis, I.M., Zervou, F.N. and Mylonakis, E. (2015). Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prevention Strategies in the ICU: A Clinical Decision Analysis. Critical Care Medicine, 43(2): 382-393.
[14]	Chan, B.C.-L., Bik-San Lau, C., Jolivalt, C., Lui, S.-L., Ganem-Elbaz, C., Paris, J.-M., Litaudon, M., Fung, K.-P., Leung, P.-C. and Ip, M. (2011). Chinese Medicinal Herbs Against Antibiotic resistant Bacterial Pathogen. Science against Microbial Pathogens: Communicating Current Research and Technological Advances, 2(3): 773-781.
[15]	Whitmont, R.D. (2011). MRSA and CAM. http://www.homeopathicmd.com/2011/04/mrsa-and-cam/. Accessed 08 October 2014.

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APA Style

Anas Rashid, Usamah Rashid Qureshi, Aiman Rashid, Hamza Rashid. (2015). Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(2), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13

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ACS Style

Anas Rashid; Usamah Rashid Qureshi; Aiman Rashid; Hamza Rashid. Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach. Am. J. Life Sci. 2015, 3(2), 71-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13

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AMA Style

Anas Rashid, Usamah Rashid Qureshi, Aiman Rashid, Hamza Rashid. Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach. Am J Life Sci. 2015;3(2):71-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13,
  author = {Anas Rashid and Usamah Rashid Qureshi and Aiman Rashid and Hamza Rashid},
  title = {Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {71-75},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20150302.13},
  abstract = {Clinical microbiologist are facing challenge to defeat the bacterial infections like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans; due to unique resistance in bacterial strain. There are limited medication options left to conquer this deadly toxicities, if holistic approach is ignored. Also the linked complications and consequences of infections may increase beyond threshold levels; if exercise only a single array of drug therapy. This empirical study aims to create synergy by adopting an integrated drug therapy approach for optimum treatment. This research article is based on primary microbial data collection (from sputum, urine and blood) in hospital; where the experiment focuses to investigate the highest risk vulnerable area. The result depicts high prevalence of MRSA in blood sample (50 %) among in-door patients of age above 50. The preventive and curative measures are discussed along with alternative multiple array of medication with prudent selection to achieve targeted and optimum outcome.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach
AU  - Anas Rashid
AU  - Usamah Rashid Qureshi
AU  - Aiman Rashid
AU  - Hamza Rashid
Y1  - 2015/02/25
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 71
EP  - 75
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13
AB  - Clinical microbiologist are facing challenge to defeat the bacterial infections like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans; due to unique resistance in bacterial strain. There are limited medication options left to conquer this deadly toxicities, if holistic approach is ignored. Also the linked complications and consequences of infections may increase beyond threshold levels; if exercise only a single array of drug therapy. This empirical study aims to create synergy by adopting an integrated drug therapy approach for optimum treatment. This research article is based on primary microbial data collection (from sputum, urine and blood) in hospital; where the experiment focuses to investigate the highest risk vulnerable area. The result depicts high prevalence of MRSA in blood sample (50 %) among in-door patients of age above 50. The preventive and curative measures are discussed along with alternative multiple array of medication with prudent selection to achieve targeted and optimum outcome.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Anas Rashid

Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (HIPS), Hamdard University Islamabad Campus (HUIC), Islamabad, Pakistan
Usamah Rashid Qureshi

Department of Business Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business Studies, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
Aiman Rashid

Department of Design and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), NUST Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
Hamza Rashid

Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan

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APA Style

Anas Rashid, Usamah Rashid Qureshi, Aiman Rashid, Hamza Rashid. (2015). Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(2), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13

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ACS Style

Anas Rashid; Usamah Rashid Qureshi; Aiman Rashid; Hamza Rashid. Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach. Am. J. Life Sci. 2015, 3(2), 71-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13

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AMA Style

Anas Rashid, Usamah Rashid Qureshi, Aiman Rashid, Hamza Rashid. Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach. Am J Life Sci. 2015;3(2):71-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13,
  author = {Anas Rashid and Usamah Rashid Qureshi and Aiman Rashid and Hamza Rashid},
  title = {Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {71-75},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20150302.13},
  abstract = {Clinical microbiologist are facing challenge to defeat the bacterial infections like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans; due to unique resistance in bacterial strain. There are limited medication options left to conquer this deadly toxicities, if holistic approach is ignored. Also the linked complications and consequences of infections may increase beyond threshold levels; if exercise only a single array of drug therapy. This empirical study aims to create synergy by adopting an integrated drug therapy approach for optimum treatment. This research article is based on primary microbial data collection (from sputum, urine and blood) in hospital; where the experiment focuses to investigate the highest risk vulnerable area. The result depicts high prevalence of MRSA in blood sample (50 %) among in-door patients of age above 50. The preventive and curative measures are discussed along with alternative multiple array of medication with prudent selection to achieve targeted and optimum outcome.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Combating MRSA in Pakistan: An Integrated Drug Therapy Approach
AU  - Anas Rashid
AU  - Usamah Rashid Qureshi
AU  - Aiman Rashid
AU  - Hamza Rashid
Y1  - 2015/02/25
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 71
EP  - 75
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.13
AB  - Clinical microbiologist are facing challenge to defeat the bacterial infections like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans; due to unique resistance in bacterial strain. There are limited medication options left to conquer this deadly toxicities, if holistic approach is ignored. Also the linked complications and consequences of infections may increase beyond threshold levels; if exercise only a single array of drug therapy. This empirical study aims to create synergy by adopting an integrated drug therapy approach for optimum treatment. This research article is based on primary microbial data collection (from sputum, urine and blood) in hospital; where the experiment focuses to investigate the highest risk vulnerable area. The result depicts high prevalence of MRSA in blood sample (50 %) among in-door patients of age above 50. The preventive and curative measures are discussed along with alternative multiple array of medication with prudent selection to achieve targeted and optimum outcome.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download