Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials

Johnson Joel Theophilus; Atule Rebecca Ashi; Gbashi Sefater; Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

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Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials

Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 28 January 2015 Accepted: 2 February 2015 Published: 15 February 2015

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Abstract

The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.

Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
Page(s)	39-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Formulation, Nutritive-Value, Weight-Gain, Infant-Formulae, Local-Material

References

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[54]	Iqbal, A. A., Ateeq, I.A., Khalil, S., and Saleemmullah, S. (2006). Physicochemical characteristics and amino acid profile of chickpea cultivars grown in Pakistan. Foodservice Res. Int.; 17: 94-101.
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[57]	Ngeh-Ngwainbi, J., Lin, J and Chandler, A. (1997). Determination of total, saturated, unsaturated and monounsaturated fats in cereal products by acid hydrolysis and capillary gas chromatography. J. AOAC Int., 80: 359-372.
[58]	Oduro, I., Ellis, W., Sulemana, A. and Oti-Boateng, P. (2007). Breakfast meal from breadfruit and soybean composite. Discovery Innovat., 19: 238-242.
[59]	Rombouts, F.M. and Nout, M.J.R. (1995). Microbial fermentation in the production of plant foods. J. Applied Bacteriol., 179: 1085-1175.
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[61]	Shewry, P.R. (2007). Improving the protein content and composition of cereal grain. J. Cereal Sci., 46: 239-250.

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Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. (2015). Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

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ACS Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus; Atule Rebecca Ashi; Gbashi Sefater; Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2015, 3(1), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

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AMA Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. J Food Nutr Sci. 2015;3(1):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16,
  author = {Johnson Joel Theophilus and Atule Rebecca Ashi and Gbashi Sefater and Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph},
  title = {Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20150301.16},
  abstract = {The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials
AU  - Johnson Joel Theophilus
AU  - Atule Rebecca Ashi
AU  - Gbashi Sefater
AU  - Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph
Y1  - 2015/02/15
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
AB  - The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Johnson Joel Theophilus

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Yenagoa, Nigeria
Atule Rebecca Ashi

Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Mkar, Mkar, Gboko Benue State, Nigeria
Gbashi Sefater

Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Yenagoa, Nigeria

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Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. (2015). Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

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ACS Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus; Atule Rebecca Ashi; Gbashi Sefater; Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2015, 3(1), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

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AMA Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. J Food Nutr Sci. 2015;3(1):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16,
  author = {Johnson Joel Theophilus and Atule Rebecca Ashi and Gbashi Sefater and Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph},
  title = {Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20150301.16},
  abstract = {The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials
AU  - Johnson Joel Theophilus
AU  - Atule Rebecca Ashi
AU  - Gbashi Sefater
AU  - Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph
Y1  - 2015/02/15
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
AB  - The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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