Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats

Joshua Adamu Tende; Joseph Olusegun Ayo; Aliyu Mohammed; Abdulkadir Umar Zezi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

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Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats

Joshua Adamu Tende, Joseph Olusegun Ayo, Aliyu Mohammed, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 17 July 2014 Accepted: 13 August 2014 Published: 20 August 2014

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Abstract

The study was designed to investigate the separate and combined effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on haemato-biochemical parameters and liver enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: (Control group 1 ml of distilled water); Group 2: (20 mg/kg of garlic); Group 3: (40 mg/kg of garlic); Group 4: (20 mg/kg of ginger); Group 5: (40 mg/kg of ginger); Group 6: (garlic 10 and ginger 10 mg/kg); Group 7: (garlic 20 and ginger 20 mg/kg). The results obtained showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in the experimental groups that received combined doses of garlic (10 mg/kg) and ginger (10 mg/kg) extract when compared to the control group. There was a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum AST and ALP activities in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of garlic only when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum sodium and potassium concentrations in garlic and ginger extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of both ionized and total calcium in the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The PCV and Hb concentration in garlic and ginger extract treated groups were lower when compared to that of the control group. The RBC count was higher (P < 0.05) in the groups that received garlic and ginger extract when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in the total WBC in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of ginger extract and its combination with garlic at various doses and 40 mg/kg of ginger and its combination for neutrophils count, when compared to the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in rats administered with 40 mg/kg of garlic and its combination for lymphocyte and monocyte count, when compared to the control group. The histological findings in the treated rats showed that the combined doses of garlic and ginger extracts adversely affect the histology of liver tissues. In conclusion, co-administration of garlic and ginger to rats significantly decreased the PCV and Hb concentration, with an elevated RBC count. The liver enzymes activities and serum electrolytes were also altered, hence unsafe for consumption in combined form.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
Page(s)	380-386
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Garlic, Ginger, Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Rats, Leucocytes

References

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Joshua Adamu Tende, Joseph Olusegun Ayo, Aliyu Mohammed, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. (2014). Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(5), 380-386. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

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ACS Style

Joshua Adamu Tende; Joseph Olusegun Ayo; Aliyu Mohammed; Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(5), 380-386. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

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AMA Style

Joshua Adamu Tende, Joseph Olusegun Ayo, Aliyu Mohammed, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(5):380-386. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13,
  author = {Joshua Adamu Tende and Joseph Olusegun Ayo and Aliyu Mohammed and Abdulkadir Umar Zezi},
  title = {Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {380-386},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140305.13},
  abstract = {The study was designed to investigate the separate and combined effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on haemato-biochemical parameters and liver enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: (Control group 1 ml of distilled water); Group 2: (20 mg/kg of garlic); Group 3: (40 mg/kg of garlic); Group 4: (20 mg/kg of ginger); Group 5: (40 mg/kg of ginger); Group 6: (garlic 10 and ginger 10 mg/kg); Group 7: (garlic 20 and ginger 20 mg/kg). The results obtained showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in the experimental groups that received combined doses of garlic (10 mg/kg) and ginger (10 mg/kg) extract when compared to the control group. There was a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum AST and ALP activities in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of garlic only when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum sodium and potassium concentrations in garlic and ginger extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of both ionized and total calcium in the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The PCV and Hb concentration in garlic and ginger extract treated groups were lower when compared to that of the control group. The RBC count was higher (P < 0.05) in the groups that received garlic and ginger extract when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in the total WBC in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of ginger extract and its combination with garlic at various doses and 40 mg/kg of ginger and its combination for neutrophils count, when compared to the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in rats administered with 40 mg/kg of garlic and its combination for lymphocyte and monocyte count, when compared to the control group. The histological findings in the treated rats showed that the combined doses of garlic and ginger extracts adversely affect the histology of liver tissues. In conclusion, co-administration of garlic and ginger to rats significantly decreased the PCV and Hb concentration, with an elevated RBC count. The liver enzymes activities and serum electrolytes were also altered, hence unsafe for consumption in combined form.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats
AU  - Joshua Adamu Tende
AU  - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
AU  - Aliyu Mohammed
AU  - Abdulkadir Umar Zezi
Y1  - 2014/08/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 380
EP  - 386
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
AB  - The study was designed to investigate the separate and combined effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on haemato-biochemical parameters and liver enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: (Control group 1 ml of distilled water); Group 2: (20 mg/kg of garlic); Group 3: (40 mg/kg of garlic); Group 4: (20 mg/kg of ginger); Group 5: (40 mg/kg of ginger); Group 6: (garlic 10 and ginger 10 mg/kg); Group 7: (garlic 20 and ginger 20 mg/kg). The results obtained showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in the experimental groups that received combined doses of garlic (10 mg/kg) and ginger (10 mg/kg) extract when compared to the control group. There was a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum AST and ALP activities in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of garlic only when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum sodium and potassium concentrations in garlic and ginger extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of both ionized and total calcium in the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The PCV and Hb concentration in garlic and ginger extract treated groups were lower when compared to that of the control group. The RBC count was higher (P < 0.05) in the groups that received garlic and ginger extract when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in the total WBC in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of ginger extract and its combination with garlic at various doses and 40 mg/kg of ginger and its combination for neutrophils count, when compared to the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in rats administered with 40 mg/kg of garlic and its combination for lymphocyte and monocyte count, when compared to the control group. The histological findings in the treated rats showed that the combined doses of garlic and ginger extracts adversely affect the histology of liver tissues. In conclusion, co-administration of garlic and ginger to rats significantly decreased the PCV and Hb concentration, with an elevated RBC count. The liver enzymes activities and serum electrolytes were also altered, hence unsafe for consumption in combined form.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Joshua Adamu Tende

Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Joseph Olusegun Ayo

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Aliyu Mohammed

Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Abdulkadir Umar Zezi

Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

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APA Style

Joshua Adamu Tende, Joseph Olusegun Ayo, Aliyu Mohammed, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. (2014). Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(5), 380-386. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

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ACS Style

Joshua Adamu Tende; Joseph Olusegun Ayo; Aliyu Mohammed; Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(5), 380-386. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

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AMA Style

Joshua Adamu Tende, Joseph Olusegun Ayo, Aliyu Mohammed, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(5):380-386. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13,
  author = {Joshua Adamu Tende and Joseph Olusegun Ayo and Aliyu Mohammed and Abdulkadir Umar Zezi},
  title = {Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {380-386},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140305.13},
  abstract = {The study was designed to investigate the separate and combined effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on haemato-biochemical parameters and liver enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: (Control group 1 ml of distilled water); Group 2: (20 mg/kg of garlic); Group 3: (40 mg/kg of garlic); Group 4: (20 mg/kg of ginger); Group 5: (40 mg/kg of ginger); Group 6: (garlic 10 and ginger 10 mg/kg); Group 7: (garlic 20 and ginger 20 mg/kg). The results obtained showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in the experimental groups that received combined doses of garlic (10 mg/kg) and ginger (10 mg/kg) extract when compared to the control group. There was a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum AST and ALP activities in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of garlic only when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum sodium and potassium concentrations in garlic and ginger extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of both ionized and total calcium in the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The PCV and Hb concentration in garlic and ginger extract treated groups were lower when compared to that of the control group. The RBC count was higher (P < 0.05) in the groups that received garlic and ginger extract when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in the total WBC in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of ginger extract and its combination with garlic at various doses and 40 mg/kg of ginger and its combination for neutrophils count, when compared to the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in rats administered with 40 mg/kg of garlic and its combination for lymphocyte and monocyte count, when compared to the control group. The histological findings in the treated rats showed that the combined doses of garlic and ginger extracts adversely affect the histology of liver tissues. In conclusion, co-administration of garlic and ginger to rats significantly decreased the PCV and Hb concentration, with an elevated RBC count. The liver enzymes activities and serum electrolytes were also altered, hence unsafe for consumption in combined form.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats
AU  - Joshua Adamu Tende
AU  - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
AU  - Aliyu Mohammed
AU  - Abdulkadir Umar Zezi
Y1  - 2014/08/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 380
EP  - 386
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
AB  - The study was designed to investigate the separate and combined effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on haemato-biochemical parameters and liver enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: (Control group 1 ml of distilled water); Group 2: (20 mg/kg of garlic); Group 3: (40 mg/kg of garlic); Group 4: (20 mg/kg of ginger); Group 5: (40 mg/kg of ginger); Group 6: (garlic 10 and ginger 10 mg/kg); Group 7: (garlic 20 and ginger 20 mg/kg). The results obtained showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in the experimental groups that received combined doses of garlic (10 mg/kg) and ginger (10 mg/kg) extract when compared to the control group. There was a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum AST and ALP activities in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of garlic only when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum sodium and potassium concentrations in garlic and ginger extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of both ionized and total calcium in the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The PCV and Hb concentration in garlic and ginger extract treated groups were lower when compared to that of the control group. The RBC count was higher (P < 0.05) in the groups that received garlic and ginger extract when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in the total WBC in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of ginger extract and its combination with garlic at various doses and 40 mg/kg of ginger and its combination for neutrophils count, when compared to the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in rats administered with 40 mg/kg of garlic and its combination for lymphocyte and monocyte count, when compared to the control group. The histological findings in the treated rats showed that the combined doses of garlic and ginger extracts adversely affect the histology of liver tissues. In conclusion, co-administration of garlic and ginger to rats significantly decreased the PCV and Hb concentration, with an elevated RBC count. The liver enzymes activities and serum electrolytes were also altered, hence unsafe for consumption in combined form.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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