The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective

Joseph Samwel; Lea Mpobela; Nasibu Musa Kalokola

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective

Joseph Samwel^*, Lea Mpobela, Nasibu Musa Kalokola

Published in International Journal of Language and Linguistics (Volume 12, Issue 1)

Received: 5 January 2024 Accepted: 23 January 2024 Published: 20 February 2024

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This paper delves into anaphoric relations in Jita, a Bantu language spoken in the Majita area in Mara region, Tanzania. Majita is situated to the southwest of Musoma town and on the southeast bank of Lake Victoria, specifically in the Butata and Makojo villages where the study was conducted. The study drew inspiration from Universal Theory of Government and Binding, focusing on Binding theory. It employed a qualitative research approach and snowball sampling technique to select informants. Data collection methods included sentence questionnaires and grammaticality judgments, and the data were analysed descriptively using a code system and geometry tree. The findings reveal that in Jita, reflexive and reciprocal anaphors are expressed as verbal affixes (-i- and -an-) respectively, and also subject markers such as ni- ‘I’, chi- ‘we’, a- ‘he/she’, mu-/u- ‘you’ and bha- ‘they’ behave like anaphors while pronominal can be realized as both verbal affixes such as chi- ‘us’, m- ‘me’, mu- ‘him/her’ and bha- ‘them’ and personal pronouns such as anye ‘me’, awe ‘you’, amwe ‘you’ in syntactic constructions. The paper also delves into the relationships between the anaphors and their antecedents in syntactic constructions, shedding light on the intricate nature of anaphoric relations in Jita.

Published in	International Journal of Language and Linguistics (Volume 12, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18
Page(s)	58-70
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anaphoric Relations, Noun Phrase, Binding Conditions, Domain

References

[1]	Bearth, T. (2003). Syntax. In: D. Nurse & G. Philipposon (eds). The Bantu languages. London: Routledge, pp. 27-29.
[2]	Burzio, L. Barbosa, P., Fox, D., Hagstrom, P., McGinnis, M., & Pesetsky, D. (1999). Anaphora and soft constraints. AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE SERIES 4, 1-22.
[3]	Burzio, L. (1991). The role of the antecedents in anaphoric relations. in current issue in comparative grammar. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
[4]	Burzio, L. (1986). Italian syntax: A Government-Binding approach. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
[5]	Carnie, A. (2007). Syntax: A generative introduction. Oxford, England: Black well.
[6]	Chomsky, N. (1981). Lecture on the Government and Binding Theory. Foris.
[7]	Givon, T. (1990). A functional-Typological introduction. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
[8]	Haegeman, L. (1994) Introduction to Government and Binding theory. Blackwell Publishers.
[9]	Kioko, A. (1999). The Syntax Status of Reciprocal and Reflexive affixes in Bantu South Africa Journal of African Languages, 23 (1), 31-62.
[10]	Kombo, D. & Tromp, D. (2006) Proposal and Thesis Writing: An introduction. Nairobi: Pauline Publications Africa.
[11]	Kuna, I. (2017). Anaphor and Pronominal in TIV: Government TIV; Government-Binding approach. Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages. P. 8.
[12]	Kӧng, E. & Volker, G. (2008). Trends in linguistics: Reciprocals and reflexives. Berlin: Mourton De Gruyter & Co.
[13]	Marten L. & Kula, N. (2002). Object marking and morphosyntactic variation in Bantu. P. 24.
[14]	Maslova, E. (2007). Reciprocal and polyadic (Remarkable reciprocal in Bantu). Typological Studies in Language, 71(1), 335.
[15]	Mdee, J. S. (2014). A Comparative Analysis of Kiswahili and Echijita Noun Classes. Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania, 17, 14-41.
[16]	Msamba, E. (2013). Object marking in Kihehe. [Unpublished M. A Dissertation]. University of Dar es Salaam.
[17]	Muriungi, P. (2020). The Syntax of Anaphors in Ki-Imenti: A Bantu language Spoken in Kenya. Nordic Journal of African Studies, Vol. 8, page224-241.
[18]	Musa, T. (2023). Morpho-Syntactic Properties of Anaphors in Kisukuma. International Journal of Culture and History ISSN 2332-5518, Vol. 10, No. 1 page 61-83.
[19]	Nedjalkov, V. (2007). Reciprocal Constructions (4^thed.). John Benjamin Publishing Company.
[20]	Ngwasi, L. (2016). Reflexive marking in Kihehe: [Unpublished Master’s dissertation] University of Dar es salaam.
[21]	Ngwasi, L. (2021). The non-reflexive functions of the reflexive prefix-i- in the Tanzanian Bantu languages: Hehe, N ilamba and Nyaturu. University of Gothenburg. PP. 1-2.
[22]	Nurse, D. (2008). Tense and aspect in Bantu. Oxford University Press.
[23]	Reinhart, T. & Ruland. (1993). Reflexivity. Linguistic Inquiry, Vol. 24, No. 4 (Autumn, 1993). Vol. 24(4), 657-720.
[24]	Reinhet, T. (1997). The Syntactic Domain of Anaphora. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Massachusetts institute of Technology (MI.T).
[25]	Riedel, K. (2009). The syntax of object marking in Sambaa. A comparative Bantu perspective. Leiden: University of Leiden PhD dissertation.
[26]	Schadeberg, T. C. (2003). Derivation. ND. Nurse & G. Phillipson (Eds). The Bantu Language (pp. 71-89). London: Routledge.
[27]	Schadeberg, E. &Bostoen, K. (2003). The Bantu Languages. Routledge.
[28]	Sikuku, J. M. (2012). Comparing reflexive and object marking in Bukusu. A paper presented at the World congress of African Linguistics. P. 54.
[29]	Sikuku, J. M. (2012). Verbal inflection in Hehe language. Retrieved from https:www.scrbd.com/doc/110182120/Hhe-verb-Okoa
[30]	Sikuku, J. M. (2010). An examination of Anaphoric Relation in selected African Languages. Afranaph Project Development Workshop, December 10^th -11^th, 2010, Rutgers University.
[31]	Sikuku, J. M. (2011) Syntactic pattern of Anaphoric relations in Lubukusu: Representation and Interpretation in Minimalist Properties [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Nairobi.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Samwel, J., Mpobela, L., Kalokola, N. M. (2024). The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 12(1), 58-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Samwel, J.; Mpobela, L.; Kalokola, N. M. The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective. Int. J. Lang. Linguist. 2024, 12(1), 58-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Samwel J, Mpobela L, Kalokola NM. The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective. Int J Lang Linguist. 2024;12(1):58-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18,
  author = {Joseph Samwel and Lea Mpobela and Nasibu Musa Kalokola},
  title = {The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective},
  journal = {International Journal of Language and Linguistics},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {58-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijll.20241201.18},
  abstract = {This paper delves into anaphoric relations in Jita, a Bantu language spoken in the Majita area in Mara region, Tanzania. Majita is situated to the southwest of Musoma town and on the southeast bank of Lake Victoria, specifically in the Butata and Makojo villages where the study was conducted. The study drew inspiration from Universal Theory of Government and Binding, focusing on Binding theory. It employed a qualitative research approach and snowball sampling technique to select informants. Data collection methods included sentence questionnaires and grammaticality judgments, and the data were analysed descriptively using a code system and geometry tree. The findings reveal that in Jita, reflexive and reciprocal anaphors are expressed as verbal affixes (-i- and -an-) respectively, and also subject markers such as ni- ‘I’, chi- ‘we’, a- ‘he/she’, mu-/u- ‘you’ and bha- ‘they’ behave like anaphors while pronominal can be realized as both verbal affixes such as chi- ‘us’, m- ‘me’, mu- ‘him/her’ and bha- ‘them’ and personal pronouns such as anye ‘me’, awe ‘you’, amwe ‘you’ in syntactic constructions. The paper also delves into the relationships between the anaphors and their antecedents in syntactic constructions, shedding light on the intricate nature of anaphoric relations in Jita.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective
AU  - Joseph Samwel
AU  - Lea Mpobela
AU  - Nasibu Musa Kalokola
Y1  - 2024/02/20
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18
T2  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JF  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JO  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
SP  - 58
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0221
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18
AB  - This paper delves into anaphoric relations in Jita, a Bantu language spoken in the Majita area in Mara region, Tanzania. Majita is situated to the southwest of Musoma town and on the southeast bank of Lake Victoria, specifically in the Butata and Makojo villages where the study was conducted. The study drew inspiration from Universal Theory of Government and Binding, focusing on Binding theory. It employed a qualitative research approach and snowball sampling technique to select informants. Data collection methods included sentence questionnaires and grammaticality judgments, and the data were analysed descriptively using a code system and geometry tree. The findings reveal that in Jita, reflexive and reciprocal anaphors are expressed as verbal affixes (-i- and -an-) respectively, and also subject markers such as ni- ‘I’, chi- ‘we’, a- ‘he/she’, mu-/u- ‘you’ and bha- ‘they’ behave like anaphors while pronominal can be realized as both verbal affixes such as chi- ‘us’, m- ‘me’, mu- ‘him/her’ and bha- ‘them’ and personal pronouns such as anye ‘me’, awe ‘you’, amwe ‘you’ in syntactic constructions. The paper also delves into the relationships between the anaphors and their antecedents in syntactic constructions, shedding light on the intricate nature of anaphoric relations in Jita.

VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Joseph Samwel

Department of Languages and Linguistics, School of Education, St. Augustine University of Tanzania, Mwanza, Tanzania

Contact Email
Lea Mpobela

Department of Languages and Linguistics, School of Education, St. Augustine University of Tanzania, Mwanza, Tanzania
Nasibu Musa Kalokola

Department of Languages and Linguistics, School of Education, St. Augustine University of Tanzania, Mwanza, Tanzania

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Samwel, J., Mpobela, L., Kalokola, N. M. (2024). The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 12(1), 58-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Samwel, J.; Mpobela, L.; Kalokola, N. M. The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective. Int. J. Lang. Linguist. 2024, 12(1), 58-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Samwel J, Mpobela L, Kalokola NM. The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective. Int J Lang Linguist. 2024;12(1):58-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18,
  author = {Joseph Samwel and Lea Mpobela and Nasibu Musa Kalokola},
  title = {The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective},
  journal = {International Journal of Language and Linguistics},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {58-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijll.20241201.18},
  abstract = {This paper delves into anaphoric relations in Jita, a Bantu language spoken in the Majita area in Mara region, Tanzania. Majita is situated to the southwest of Musoma town and on the southeast bank of Lake Victoria, specifically in the Butata and Makojo villages where the study was conducted. The study drew inspiration from Universal Theory of Government and Binding, focusing on Binding theory. It employed a qualitative research approach and snowball sampling technique to select informants. Data collection methods included sentence questionnaires and grammaticality judgments, and the data were analysed descriptively using a code system and geometry tree. The findings reveal that in Jita, reflexive and reciprocal anaphors are expressed as verbal affixes (-i- and -an-) respectively, and also subject markers such as ni- ‘I’, chi- ‘we’, a- ‘he/she’, mu-/u- ‘you’ and bha- ‘they’ behave like anaphors while pronominal can be realized as both verbal affixes such as chi- ‘us’, m- ‘me’, mu- ‘him/her’ and bha- ‘them’ and personal pronouns such as anye ‘me’, awe ‘you’, amwe ‘you’ in syntactic constructions. The paper also delves into the relationships between the anaphors and their antecedents in syntactic constructions, shedding light on the intricate nature of anaphoric relations in Jita.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Anaphoric Relations in Jita: A Government and Binding Perspective
AU  - Joseph Samwel
AU  - Lea Mpobela
AU  - Nasibu Musa Kalokola
Y1  - 2024/02/20
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18
T2  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JF  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JO  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
SP  - 58
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0221
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241201.18
AB  - This paper delves into anaphoric relations in Jita, a Bantu language spoken in the Majita area in Mara region, Tanzania. Majita is situated to the southwest of Musoma town and on the southeast bank of Lake Victoria, specifically in the Butata and Makojo villages where the study was conducted. The study drew inspiration from Universal Theory of Government and Binding, focusing on Binding theory. It employed a qualitative research approach and snowball sampling technique to select informants. Data collection methods included sentence questionnaires and grammaticality judgments, and the data were analysed descriptively using a code system and geometry tree. The findings reveal that in Jita, reflexive and reciprocal anaphors are expressed as verbal affixes (-i- and -an-) respectively, and also subject markers such as ni- ‘I’, chi- ‘we’, a- ‘he/she’, mu-/u- ‘you’ and bha- ‘they’ behave like anaphors while pronominal can be realized as both verbal affixes such as chi- ‘us’, m- ‘me’, mu- ‘him/her’ and bha- ‘them’ and personal pronouns such as anye ‘me’, awe ‘you’, amwe ‘you’ in syntactic constructions. The paper also delves into the relationships between the anaphors and their antecedents in syntactic constructions, shedding light on the intricate nature of anaphoric relations in Jita.

VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download