Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns

Tawanda Marufu; Seter Siziya; Willard Tinago

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns

Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya, Willard Tinago

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 18 May 2015 Accepted: 25 May 2015 Published: 8 June 2015

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Abstract

Background: Multiple dose measles vaccination intervention was applied in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1990-96, following a single dose applied at 9 months of age during 1983-89. In the same periods in Bulawayo, only a single dose of measles vaccine was applied to children at 9 months of age. This study investigated the impact on measles transmission patterns of multiple dose measles vaccination strategy. Study design: Quasi-experimental community intervention applied in Gweru city with Bulawayo city as a control. The intervention included a single mass vaccination campaign carried out in1990 targeted at children aged 12-119 months irrespective of their vaccination status or disease history. Children born after 1990 were vaccinated at 9 months of age plus another single dose applied at any point between ages of 12 and 23 months (revaccination). Subjects: Measles cases were identified in both cities through surveillance. Results: Mean coverage rates for measles vaccine applied at 9 months of age were in 1983-89 85.7% and 84.6% in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively, while in 1990-96 they were 89.0% and 89.7%, respectively. In both periods the vaccine coverage rates were not significantly different in the two cities (p=0.464). In the 12-23 months age group, Gweru measles vaccination coverage rate in 1990 was 83% for single dose and 82.4% for second dose in 1990-96. Measles incidence rates in 1983-89 in both cities significantly declined and were not significantly different (p=0.898). Median incidence rates of measles in1990-96 were 131.0 and 19.0/100 000 population in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively and these were significantly different (p= 0.021). Bulawayo had measles epidemics in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1996. In Bulawayo in 1993-96 vaccinated measles cases accounted for a median of 58% of all reported cases aged 10-119 months. Median incidence rates of measles among vaccine failures aged 10-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 419.1 and 13.1/100 000 population respectively and these incidence rates were significantly different (p= 0.021). In Bulawayo in 1993-96 cases aged 60-119 months accounted for a median of 56.5 % of all reported cases. Median incidence rates of measles among cases aged 60-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 869.9 and 26.9/100 000 population respectively and these rates were significantly different (p=0.021). Conclusion: Multiple dose vaccination strategies led to significantly reduced measles transmission in Gweru (compared to Bulawayo) in 1990-1996 by minimizing occurrence of vaccine failures and occurrence of cases in older children aged 60-119 months.

Published in	European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18
Page(s)	80-84
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Multiple Dose Vaccination Strategies, Measles Vaccine Failures, Measles Cases Aged 60-119 Months

References

[1]	Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya. Impact of multiple dose measles vaccination on measles transmission patterns in Gweru, Zimbabwe. J Tropical Peds, 2001; 47:335-338.
[2]	Expanded Programme on Immunization. Measles control in the 1990s: Plan for action for global measles control, 1992; WHO/EPI/GEN/92.3.
[3]	Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization. Immunization Policy Expanded Programme on Immunization, 1995; WHO/EPI/GEN/95.3.
[4]	Kambarami RA, Nathoo KJ, Nkrumah FK, Pirie GJ. Measles epidemic in Harare, Zimbabwe, despite high measles immunization coverage rates B World Health Organ, 1991; 69: 213-219.
[5]	Chen TR, Weierbach R, Bissofi Z, Cutts F, et al. A “post honeymoon period’ measles outbreak in Muyinga sector, Burundi. Int J Epidemiol, 1994; 23: 185-193.
[6]	Cutts F. Expanded Programme on Immunization – Measles control in the 1990s: Principles for next decade. 1990; WHO/EPI/GEN/90.2.
[7]	Coetzee N, Hussey GD, Visser G, Barron P, Keen A. The 1992 measles epidemic in Cape Town – a changing epidemiological pattern S African Med J, 1994; 84:145-149.
[8]	Marufu T, Siziya S, Manyame B, Xaba E et al. Questioning the level of efficacy of the measles vaccine that is in use in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med, 1995; 41: 241-245.
[9]	Expanded Programme on Immunization. Global measles strategy picks up pace. EPI Newsletter, June 1994; 16:3.
[10]	Marufu T, Siziya S, Tshimanga S, Murugasampillay S, Mason E. Comparison of protection afforded by single measles vaccination and late revaccination schedules. E Afr Med J, 1997; 74: 777-779.
[11]	Rosenthal SR, Clemens CJ. Two-dose measles vaccination schedules. B World Health Organ, 1993; 71:421-428.
[12]	Global Programme for Vaccines. Measles control in the 1990s: Final draft report for of GPV/CVI informal consultation on strategies to accelerate global measles control. Washington DC 27-28 April 1994.
[13]	Najwa A Khuri-Bulos. Measles in Jordan: a prototype of problems with measles in developing countries. Ped Infect Dis J, 1997; 14: 22-26.

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Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya, Willard Tinago. (2015). Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(3), 80-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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ACS Style

Tawanda Marufu; Seter Siziya; Willard Tinago. Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2015, 3(3), 80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya, Willard Tinago. Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns. Eur J Prev Med. 2015;3(3):80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18,
  author = {Tawanda Marufu and Seter Siziya and Willard Tinago},
  title = {Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {80-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20150303.18},
  abstract = {Background: Multiple dose measles vaccination intervention was applied in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1990-96, following a single dose applied at 9 months of age during 1983-89. In the same periods in Bulawayo, only a single dose of measles vaccine was applied to children at 9 months of age. This study investigated the impact on measles transmission patterns of multiple dose measles vaccination strategy. Study design: Quasi-experimental community intervention applied in Gweru city with Bulawayo city as a control.  The intervention included a single mass vaccination campaign carried out in1990 targeted at children aged 12-119 months irrespective of their vaccination status or disease history. Children born after 1990 were vaccinated at 9 months of age plus another single dose applied at any point between ages of 12 and 23 months (revaccination). Subjects: Measles cases were identified in both cities through surveillance. Results: Mean coverage rates for measles vaccine applied at 9 months of age were in 1983-89 85.7% and 84.6% in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively, while in 1990-96 they were 89.0% and 89.7%, respectively. In both periods the vaccine coverage rates were not significantly different in the two cities (p=0.464). In the 12-23 months age group, Gweru measles vaccination coverage rate in 1990 was 83% for single dose and 82.4% for second dose in 1990-96. Measles incidence rates in 1983-89 in both cities significantly declined and were not significantly different (p=0.898). Median incidence rates of measles in1990-96 were 131.0 and 19.0/100 000 population in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively and these were significantly different (p= 0.021). Bulawayo had measles epidemics in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1996. In Bulawayo in 1993-96 vaccinated measles cases accounted for a median of 58% of all reported cases aged 10-119 months. Median incidence rates of measles among vaccine failures aged 10-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 419.1 and 13.1/100 000 population respectively and these incidence rates were significantly different (p= 0.021). In Bulawayo in 1993-96 cases aged 60-119 months accounted for a median of 56.5 % of all reported cases. Median incidence rates of measles among cases aged 60-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 869.9 and 26.9/100 000 population respectively and these rates were significantly different (p=0.021). Conclusion: Multiple dose vaccination strategies led to significantly reduced measles transmission in Gweru (compared to Bulawayo) in 1990-1996 by minimizing occurrence of vaccine failures and occurrence of cases in older children aged 60-119 months.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns
AU - Tawanda Marufu
AU - Seter Siziya
AU - Willard Tinago
Y1 - 2015/06/08
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18
DO - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18
T2 - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JO - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
SP - 80
EP - 84
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8230
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18
AB - Background: Multiple dose measles vaccination intervention was applied in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1990-96, following a single dose applied at 9 months of age during 1983-89. In the same periods in Bulawayo, only a single dose of measles vaccine was applied to children at 9 months of age. This study investigated the impact on measles transmission patterns of multiple dose measles vaccination strategy. Study design: Quasi-experimental community intervention applied in Gweru city with Bulawayo city as a control. The intervention included a single mass vaccination campaign carried out in1990 targeted at children aged 12-119 months irrespective of their vaccination status or disease history. Children born after 1990 were vaccinated at 9 months of age plus another single dose applied at any point between ages of 12 and 23 months (revaccination). Subjects: Measles cases were identified in both cities through surveillance. Results: Mean coverage rates for measles vaccine applied at 9 months of age were in 1983-89 85.7% and 84.6% in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively, while in 1990-96 they were 89.0% and 89.7%, respectively. In both periods the vaccine coverage rates were not significantly different in the two cities (p=0.464). In the 12-23 months age group, Gweru measles vaccination coverage rate in 1990 was 83% for single dose and 82.4% for second dose in 1990-96. Measles incidence rates in 1983-89 in both cities significantly declined and were not significantly different (p=0.898). Median incidence rates of measles in1990-96 were 131.0 and 19.0/100 000 population in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively and these were significantly different (p= 0.021). Bulawayo had measles epidemics in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1996. In Bulawayo in 1993-96 vaccinated measles cases accounted for a median of 58% of all reported cases aged 10-119 months. Median incidence rates of measles among vaccine failures aged 10-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 419.1 and 13.1/100 000 population respectively and these incidence rates were significantly different (p= 0.021). In Bulawayo in 1993-96 cases aged 60-119 months accounted for a median of 56.5 % of all reported cases. Median incidence rates of measles among cases aged 60-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 869.9 and 26.9/100 000 population respectively and these rates were significantly different (p=0.021). Conclusion: Multiple dose vaccination strategies led to significantly reduced measles transmission in Gweru (compared to Bulawayo) in 1990-1996 by minimizing occurrence of vaccine failures and occurrence of cases in older children aged 60-119 months.
VL - 3
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Tawanda Marufu

Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
Seter Siziya

Department of Clinical Sciences, Copperbelt University School of Medicine, Ndola, Zambia
Willard Tinago

Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

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APA Style

Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya, Willard Tinago. (2015). Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(3), 80-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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ACS Style

Tawanda Marufu; Seter Siziya; Willard Tinago. Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2015, 3(3), 80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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AMA Style

Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya, Willard Tinago. Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns. Eur J Prev Med. 2015;3(3):80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18,
  author = {Tawanda Marufu and Seter Siziya and Willard Tinago},
  title = {Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {80-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20150303.18},
  abstract = {Background: Multiple dose measles vaccination intervention was applied in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1990-96, following a single dose applied at 9 months of age during 1983-89. In the same periods in Bulawayo, only a single dose of measles vaccine was applied to children at 9 months of age. This study investigated the impact on measles transmission patterns of multiple dose measles vaccination strategy. Study design: Quasi-experimental community intervention applied in Gweru city with Bulawayo city as a control.  The intervention included a single mass vaccination campaign carried out in1990 targeted at children aged 12-119 months irrespective of their vaccination status or disease history. Children born after 1990 were vaccinated at 9 months of age plus another single dose applied at any point between ages of 12 and 23 months (revaccination). Subjects: Measles cases were identified in both cities through surveillance. Results: Mean coverage rates for measles vaccine applied at 9 months of age were in 1983-89 85.7% and 84.6% in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively, while in 1990-96 they were 89.0% and 89.7%, respectively. In both periods the vaccine coverage rates were not significantly different in the two cities (p=0.464). In the 12-23 months age group, Gweru measles vaccination coverage rate in 1990 was 83% for single dose and 82.4% for second dose in 1990-96. Measles incidence rates in 1983-89 in both cities significantly declined and were not significantly different (p=0.898). Median incidence rates of measles in1990-96 were 131.0 and 19.0/100 000 population in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively and these were significantly different (p= 0.021). Bulawayo had measles epidemics in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1996. In Bulawayo in 1993-96 vaccinated measles cases accounted for a median of 58% of all reported cases aged 10-119 months. Median incidence rates of measles among vaccine failures aged 10-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 419.1 and 13.1/100 000 population respectively and these incidence rates were significantly different (p= 0.021). In Bulawayo in 1993-96 cases aged 60-119 months accounted for a median of 56.5 % of all reported cases. Median incidence rates of measles among cases aged 60-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 869.9 and 26.9/100 000 population respectively and these rates were significantly different (p=0.021). Conclusion: Multiple dose vaccination strategies led to significantly reduced measles transmission in Gweru (compared to Bulawayo) in 1990-1996 by minimizing occurrence of vaccine failures and occurrence of cases in older children aged 60-119 months.},
 year = {2015}
}

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