This study was carried out to evaluate the contamination severity of Lake Togo by organochlorinated pesticides historically used in agriculture and in health programs against disease vectors in public health. A total of 48 samples of sediments and 48 samples of water were seasonally collected. For both sediment and water 3 samples per site were collected at 8 sites in the 2014 rainy season and in the 2015 dry season. Water samples were processed using a liquid-liquid method solvent extraction while Soxhlet extraction was used for sediment samples. The sediment and water extractions were cleaned-up and qualitative-quantitative analysis performed on gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Pesticides residue levels in water ranged from < 0.001 to 0.093±0.20 µg l-1 (lindane) in rainy season and from < 0.001 to 0.352±0.07 µg l-1 (dieldrin) in dry season. They were lower than that found in sediment which ranged from < 0.001 to 0.98±0.18 µg kg-1 dry weight (pp′-DDE) in rainy season and from < 0.001 to 2.19±0.31 µg kg-1 dry weight (heptachlor epoxide) in dry season. The concentrations of the organochlorinated residues in water and sediment were higher during the dry season. Except pp′-DDE, pp′-DDD, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, the others pesticide residues concentrations detected in water samples in dry season were above the maximum acceptable concentration of 0.1 µg l-1 for individual pesticides set by the European Union (EU) for the protection of human health. Pesticide contamination level of Lake Togo is therefore, likely to be harmful to human health in dry season.
| Published in | American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 5, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11 |
| Page(s) | 20-28 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Lake Togo, Water, Sediment, Contamination, Organochlorine Pesticides
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APA Style
Gbénonchi Mawussi, Lankondjoa Kolani, Damien Devault, Komla Sanda. (2016). The Contamination Levels of Water and Sediment from Lake Togo by the Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops). American Journal of Environmental Protection, 5(2), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11
ACS Style
Gbénonchi Mawussi; Lankondjoa Kolani; Damien Devault; Komla Sanda. The Contamination Levels of Water and Sediment from Lake Togo by the Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops). Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2016, 5(2), 20-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11
AMA Style
Gbénonchi Mawussi, Lankondjoa Kolani, Damien Devault, Komla Sanda. The Contamination Levels of Water and Sediment from Lake Togo by the Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops). Am J Environ Prot. 2016;5(2):20-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11,
author = {Gbénonchi Mawussi and Lankondjoa Kolani and Damien Devault and Komla Sanda},
title = {The Contamination Levels of Water and Sediment from Lake Togo by the Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops)},
journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {20-28},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20160502.11},
abstract = {This study was carried out to evaluate the contamination severity of Lake Togo by organochlorinated pesticides historically used in agriculture and in health programs against disease vectors in public health. A total of 48 samples of sediments and 48 samples of water were seasonally collected. For both sediment and water 3 samples per site were collected at 8 sites in the 2014 rainy season and in the 2015 dry season. Water samples were processed using a liquid-liquid method solvent extraction while Soxhlet extraction was used for sediment samples. The sediment and water extractions were cleaned-up and qualitative-quantitative analysis performed on gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Pesticides residue levels in water ranged from -1 (lindane) in rainy season and from -1 (dieldrin) in dry season. They were lower than that found in sediment which ranged from -1 dry weight (pp′-DDE) in rainy season and from -1 dry weight (heptachlor epoxide) in dry season. The concentrations of the organochlorinated residues in water and sediment were higher during the dry season. Except pp′-DDE, pp′-DDD, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, the others pesticide residues concentrations detected in water samples in dry season were above the maximum acceptable concentration of 0.1 µg l-1 for individual pesticides set by the European Union (EU) for the protection of human health. Pesticide contamination level of Lake Togo is therefore, likely to be harmful to human health in dry season.},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - The Contamination Levels of Water and Sediment from Lake Togo by the Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops) AU - Gbénonchi Mawussi AU - Lankondjoa Kolani AU - Damien Devault AU - Komla Sanda Y1 - 2016/03/29 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11 T2 - American Journal of Environmental Protection JF - American Journal of Environmental Protection JO - American Journal of Environmental Protection SP - 20 EP - 28 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5699 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160502.11 AB - This study was carried out to evaluate the contamination severity of Lake Togo by organochlorinated pesticides historically used in agriculture and in health programs against disease vectors in public health. A total of 48 samples of sediments and 48 samples of water were seasonally collected. For both sediment and water 3 samples per site were collected at 8 sites in the 2014 rainy season and in the 2015 dry season. Water samples were processed using a liquid-liquid method solvent extraction while Soxhlet extraction was used for sediment samples. The sediment and water extractions were cleaned-up and qualitative-quantitative analysis performed on gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Pesticides residue levels in water ranged from -1 (lindane) in rainy season and from -1 (dieldrin) in dry season. They were lower than that found in sediment which ranged from -1 dry weight (pp′-DDE) in rainy season and from -1 dry weight (heptachlor epoxide) in dry season. The concentrations of the organochlorinated residues in water and sediment were higher during the dry season. Except pp′-DDE, pp′-DDD, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, the others pesticide residues concentrations detected in water samples in dry season were above the maximum acceptable concentration of 0.1 µg l-1 for individual pesticides set by the European Union (EU) for the protection of human health. Pesticide contamination level of Lake Togo is therefore, likely to be harmful to human health in dry season. VL - 5 IS - 2 ER -
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