Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad

Tchadanaye New Mahamat; Noumi Guy Bertrand; Paloumi Yabe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12

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Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad

Tchadanaye New Mahamat, Noumi Guy Bertrand, Paloumi Yabe

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 21 December 2015 Accepted: 31 December 2015 Published: 11 January 2016

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Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the discharge of effluents Farcha slaughterhouses pollution of the Chari River. To overcome this, water and sediment samples were taken upstream to the outlet and downstream of Farcha slaughterhouse. These samples were subjected to some physicochemical analysis. Slaughterhouse effluent showed a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranging from 96 mg.L^-1 to 100 mg.L^-1; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD₅) 54 mg.L^-1 to 70 mg.L^-1 and the suspended solids (TSS) 64 mg.L^-1 to 108 mg.L^-1. The physicochemical characterization of water samples Chari gave a change in hydrogen potential (pH) between 6 to 7; a temperature ranging from 28.35°C to 28.70°C with an electric conductivity ranging from 50 μS.cm^-1 to 129 μS.cm^-1. The dissolved oxygen levels in water shows an appreciable oxygenation (5.02 - 7.37 mg O₂.L^-1). As the mineral substances, the chloride ions (Cl^-) vary from 9.05 mg.L^-1 to 29.25 mg.L^-1; ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) of 0.48 mg.L^-1 to 11.10 mg.L^-1; sulphate ions (SO₄^2-) of 21.50 mg.L^-1 to 38 mg.L^-1; phosphate ions (PO₄^3-) of 20.45 mg/L to 84.35 mg/L; nitrate ions (NO₃^-) of 15 mg.L^-1 to 39.50 mg.L^-1. In opposite, the concentrations of nitrite (NO₂^-) increased from 7.45 mg.L^-1 to 13 mg.L^-1; that of ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) 1.49 mg.L^-1 to 4.95 mg.L^-1. The concentrations of dissolved ions showed higher values in July than in September. We observed significant variations in these parameters, some of which values were in excess of the WHO standard. However; the rate of COD/BOD₅ = 1.67 show that these wastewater Farcha slaughterhouses are biodegradable.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12
Page(s)	11-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chari River, N'djamena, Slaughterhouse, Effluent, Physicochemical Parameters

References

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[3]	Tchoroun M, Noumi G. B., Tchadanaye N. M., Dangwang D. J. M., Heavy Metals Pollution Level in Water, Fish and Sediments from the Logone River Within Moundou City (Chad), International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2015; 3 (5): 275-28.
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APA Style

Tchadanaye New Mahamat, Noumi Guy Bertrand, Paloumi Yabe. (2016). Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 5(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12

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ACS Style

Tchadanaye New Mahamat; Noumi Guy Bertrand; Paloumi Yabe. Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2016, 5(1), 11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12

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AMA Style

Tchadanaye New Mahamat, Noumi Guy Bertrand, Paloumi Yabe. Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad. Am J Environ Prot. 2016;5(1):11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12,
  author = {Tchadanaye New Mahamat and Noumi Guy Bertrand and Paloumi Yabe},
  title = {Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20160501.12},
  abstract = {This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the discharge of effluents Farcha slaughterhouses pollution of the Chari River. To overcome this, water and sediment samples were taken upstream to the outlet and downstream of Farcha slaughterhouse. These samples were subjected to some physicochemical analysis. Slaughterhouse effluent showed a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranging from 96 mg.L-1 to 100 mg.L-1; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 54 mg.L-1 to 70 mg.L-1 and the suspended solids (TSS) 64 mg.L-1 to 108 mg.L-1. The physicochemical characterization of water samples Chari gave a change in hydrogen potential (pH) between 6 to 7; a temperature ranging from 28.35°C to 28.70°C with an electric conductivity ranging from 50 μS.cm-1 to 129 μS.cm-1. The dissolved oxygen levels in water shows an appreciable oxygenation (5.02 - 7.37 mg O2.L-1). As the mineral substances, the chloride ions (Cl-) vary from 9.05 mg.L-1 to 29.25 mg.L-1; ferrous ions (Fe2+) of 0.48 mg.L-1 to 11.10 mg.L-1; sulphate ions (SO42-) of 21.50 mg.L-1 to 38 mg.L-1; phosphate ions (PO43-) of 20.45 mg/L to 84.35 mg/L; nitrate ions (NO3-) of 15 mg.L-1 to 39.50 mg.L-1. In opposite, the concentrations of nitrite (NO2-) increased from 7.45 mg.L-1 to 13 mg.L-1; that of ammonium ions (NH4+) 1.49 mg.L-1 to 4.95 mg.L-1. The concentrations of dissolved ions showed higher values in July than in September. We observed significant variations in these parameters, some of which values were in excess of the WHO standard. However; the rate of COD/BOD5 = 1.67 show that these wastewater Farcha slaughterhouses are biodegradable.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad
AU  - Tchadanaye New Mahamat
AU  - Noumi Guy Bertrand
AU  - Paloumi Yabe
Y1  - 2016/01/11
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 11
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12
AB  - This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the discharge of effluents Farcha slaughterhouses pollution of the Chari River. To overcome this, water and sediment samples were taken upstream to the outlet and downstream of Farcha slaughterhouse. These samples were subjected to some physicochemical analysis. Slaughterhouse effluent showed a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranging from 96 mg.L-1 to 100 mg.L-1; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 54 mg.L-1 to 70 mg.L-1 and the suspended solids (TSS) 64 mg.L-1 to 108 mg.L-1. The physicochemical characterization of water samples Chari gave a change in hydrogen potential (pH) between 6 to 7; a temperature ranging from 28.35°C to 28.70°C with an electric conductivity ranging from 50 μS.cm-1 to 129 μS.cm-1. The dissolved oxygen levels in water shows an appreciable oxygenation (5.02 - 7.37 mg O2.L-1). As the mineral substances, the chloride ions (Cl-) vary from 9.05 mg.L-1 to 29.25 mg.L-1; ferrous ions (Fe2+) of 0.48 mg.L-1 to 11.10 mg.L-1; sulphate ions (SO42-) of 21.50 mg.L-1 to 38 mg.L-1; phosphate ions (PO43-) of 20.45 mg/L to 84.35 mg/L; nitrate ions (NO3-) of 15 mg.L-1 to 39.50 mg.L-1. In opposite, the concentrations of nitrite (NO2-) increased from 7.45 mg.L-1 to 13 mg.L-1; that of ammonium ions (NH4+) 1.49 mg.L-1 to 4.95 mg.L-1. The concentrations of dissolved ions showed higher values in July than in September. We observed significant variations in these parameters, some of which values were in excess of the WHO standard. However; the rate of COD/BOD5 = 1.67 show that these wastewater Farcha slaughterhouses are biodegradable.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Tchadanaye New Mahamat

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of N'djamena, N’djamena, Chad
Noumi Guy Bertrand

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Paloumi Yabe

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of N'djamena, N’djamena, Chad

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APA Style

Tchadanaye New Mahamat, Noumi Guy Bertrand, Paloumi Yabe. (2016). Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 5(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12

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ACS Style

Tchadanaye New Mahamat; Noumi Guy Bertrand; Paloumi Yabe. Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2016, 5(1), 11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12

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AMA Style

Tchadanaye New Mahamat, Noumi Guy Bertrand, Paloumi Yabe. Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad. Am J Environ Prot. 2016;5(1):11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12,
  author = {Tchadanaye New Mahamat and Noumi Guy Bertrand and Paloumi Yabe},
  title = {Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20160501.12},
  abstract = {This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the discharge of effluents Farcha slaughterhouses pollution of the Chari River. To overcome this, water and sediment samples were taken upstream to the outlet and downstream of Farcha slaughterhouse. These samples were subjected to some physicochemical analysis. Slaughterhouse effluent showed a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranging from 96 mg.L-1 to 100 mg.L-1; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 54 mg.L-1 to 70 mg.L-1 and the suspended solids (TSS) 64 mg.L-1 to 108 mg.L-1. The physicochemical characterization of water samples Chari gave a change in hydrogen potential (pH) between 6 to 7; a temperature ranging from 28.35°C to 28.70°C with an electric conductivity ranging from 50 μS.cm-1 to 129 μS.cm-1. The dissolved oxygen levels in water shows an appreciable oxygenation (5.02 - 7.37 mg O2.L-1). As the mineral substances, the chloride ions (Cl-) vary from 9.05 mg.L-1 to 29.25 mg.L-1; ferrous ions (Fe2+) of 0.48 mg.L-1 to 11.10 mg.L-1; sulphate ions (SO42-) of 21.50 mg.L-1 to 38 mg.L-1; phosphate ions (PO43-) of 20.45 mg/L to 84.35 mg/L; nitrate ions (NO3-) of 15 mg.L-1 to 39.50 mg.L-1. In opposite, the concentrations of nitrite (NO2-) increased from 7.45 mg.L-1 to 13 mg.L-1; that of ammonium ions (NH4+) 1.49 mg.L-1 to 4.95 mg.L-1. The concentrations of dissolved ions showed higher values in July than in September. We observed significant variations in these parameters, some of which values were in excess of the WHO standard. However; the rate of COD/BOD5 = 1.67 show that these wastewater Farcha slaughterhouses are biodegradable.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad
AU  - Tchadanaye New Mahamat
AU  - Noumi Guy Bertrand
AU  - Paloumi Yabe
Y1  - 2016/01/11
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 11
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20160501.12
AB  - This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the discharge of effluents Farcha slaughterhouses pollution of the Chari River. To overcome this, water and sediment samples were taken upstream to the outlet and downstream of Farcha slaughterhouse. These samples were subjected to some physicochemical analysis. Slaughterhouse effluent showed a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranging from 96 mg.L-1 to 100 mg.L-1; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 54 mg.L-1 to 70 mg.L-1 and the suspended solids (TSS) 64 mg.L-1 to 108 mg.L-1. The physicochemical characterization of water samples Chari gave a change in hydrogen potential (pH) between 6 to 7; a temperature ranging from 28.35°C to 28.70°C with an electric conductivity ranging from 50 μS.cm-1 to 129 μS.cm-1. The dissolved oxygen levels in water shows an appreciable oxygenation (5.02 - 7.37 mg O2.L-1). As the mineral substances, the chloride ions (Cl-) vary from 9.05 mg.L-1 to 29.25 mg.L-1; ferrous ions (Fe2+) of 0.48 mg.L-1 to 11.10 mg.L-1; sulphate ions (SO42-) of 21.50 mg.L-1 to 38 mg.L-1; phosphate ions (PO43-) of 20.45 mg/L to 84.35 mg/L; nitrate ions (NO3-) of 15 mg.L-1 to 39.50 mg.L-1. In opposite, the concentrations of nitrite (NO2-) increased from 7.45 mg.L-1 to 13 mg.L-1; that of ammonium ions (NH4+) 1.49 mg.L-1 to 4.95 mg.L-1. The concentrations of dissolved ions showed higher values in July than in September. We observed significant variations in these parameters, some of which values were in excess of the WHO standard. However; the rate of COD/BOD5 = 1.67 show that these wastewater Farcha slaughterhouses are biodegradable.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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